DHYEY GPAT 10/09/2023

 

DHYEY GPAT 2024 MCQ SERIES WITH EXPALAINATION

* BOLD CHARACTER IS RIGHT ANSWER FOR THE QUESTION


1. Which of the following drugs is an inhibitor of cytochrome p450 enzymes?  
(a) Ketoconazole 
(b) Rifampicin 
(c) Phenytoin 
(d) Phenobarbitone

EXPLAINATION :
Ketoconazole is a powerful microsomal enzyme inhibitor whereas rifampicin, phenobarbitone and phenytoin are enzyme inducers.

2. In metabolism of xenobiotics, all of the following reactions occur in phase one except? 
(a) Oxidation  
(b) Reduction 
(c) Conjugation 
(d) Hydrolysis

EXPLAINATION :
Metabolic reactions may be classified into phase I (non-synthetic) and phase II (synthetic) reactions. Phase I reactions include oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis, cyclization and decyclization etc. whereas phase II reactions include glucuronidation, acetylation, methylation, sulfation and glycine conjugation etc.


3. Identify the wrong statement:  
(a) Acidic drugs bind to albumin in plasma 
(b) Basic drugs bind to alpha-1 acid glycoprotein in plasma 
(c) Drugs having higher affinity for a plasma protein can displace the other drug from the same protein
(d) Sex steroid hormones do not bind to any protein in plasma 

EXPLAINATION :
  • Acidic drugs mainly bind to albumin and basic drugs to alpha-1 acid glycoprotein. Drugs having high PPB like sulfonamides can displace other drugs bound to same site and may result in toxicity.
  • Sex steroids bind to steroid hormone binding globulin as well as albumin. 

4. Alkalinization of urine is required for decreasing the poisoning due to:  
(a) Barbiturates 
(b) Amphetamine 
(c) Alcohol 
(d) Morphine 

EXPLAINATION :
For acidic drug poisonings (like barbiturates, salicylates and methotrexate), urinary alkalinizing agents are prescribed whereas for basic drug poisonings, (morphine, amphetamine, atropine etc.) urinary acidifying agents are administered.

5. All of the following results in detoxification of drugs EXCEPT:  
(a) NADPH cytochrome P450 reductase 
(b) Cytochrome P450 
(c) Cytochrome oxidase 
(d) Monooxygenase

EXPLAINATION :
  • Drugs can be metabolized by cytochrome P450 dependent oxidations and cytochrome P450 independent oxidations (i.e., by monooxygenases) 
  • NADPH cytochrome P450 reductase is same as flavin monooxygenase 
  • Cytochrome oxidase is involved in respiratory chain and not in drug metabolism. 
  • CYP3A4 is responsible for the metabolism of 50% of prescription drugs metabolised by the liver




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